Consulting Report
13 Nov 2025

The changing energy order

Charting the progress of the world’s many energy transitions

To understand how the G20 countries are progressing in the energy transition, Oxford Economics collaborated with PwC to create PwC’s Changing Energy Order Index. The index combines data from international economic organizations like the OECD and World Bank with with Oxford’s own forecasts to evaluate each country’s progress across five key pillars.

While 195 countries have adopted the Paris Agreement to limit the increase in global average temperatures to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, not all energy transitions will be the same. Given the myriad of factors influencing countries’ progress towards their clean energy goals–geopolitical and energy security issues, concerns over affordability, financing constraints–it is clear that each signatory is engaged in its own energy transition with its own pace and trajectory. It is critical for policymakers and business leaders to understand the local dynamics of each energy transition in order to effectively manage and aid its progress.

To that end, PwC and Oxford Economics collaborated to create PwC’s Changing Energy Order Index. Combining data from the UN, OECD, World Bank and IMF with Oxford Economics’ forecasts, the index evaluates the G20 countries’ energy transitions across five key pillars: transition progress, investment and financing ability, economic and political stability, transition resources and policy ambition. The index was used to facilitate a cross-country analysis and develop insights into the key challenges and opportunities in the global energy transition, highlighting the progress made and identifying factors that may be inhibiting faster progress.

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The experts behind the research
  • David Schockenhoff

    David Schockenhoff

    Head of US Macro Consulting
    David Schockenhoff

    Head of US Macro Consulting

    David joined Oxford Economics' consulting division in 2015 and has worked on a variety of thematic research projects including policy impact assessment and forecasting projects in global trade and energy transition.

    Before joining the New York office in 2022, he worked in our London, Dubai and Toronto offices where he led several large-scale macro modelling engagements with financial and public sector clients.

    David holds a Master's degree in Economics from the Barcelona School of Economics and a B.A. in Economics from the University of St. Gallen.

  • Thomas Rudgley

    Thomas Rudgley

    Senior Economist, Macro Consulting
    Thomas Rudgley

    Senior Economist, Macro Consulting

    Thomas is part of Oxford Economics' Macroeconomics Consulting team based in New York. He produces scenario analysis, forecasts, and data visualisations across a range of industries to help clients navigate the tumultuous economic environment.

  • Michael Kleiman

    Michael Kleiman

    Head of Macro Consulting, Americas
    Michael Kleiman

    Head of Macro Consulting, Americas

    Michael Kleiman is an Associate Director and leads the Macroeconomic Consulting team in North America. Since joining Oxford Economics in 2014 Mike has led a variety of consulting projects, including assessments of trade policy, energy policy, and climate regulation. Mike also led the development of Oxford Economics’ Canadian Provincial and Territorial Model (CPTM), a large-scale, detailed bottom-up model of the Canadian economy covering all thirteen provinces and territories.

    Prior to joining Oxford Economics, Mike worked as an economist in the New York representative office of the Banca d'Italia covering macroeconomic, political, and financial system issues in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. He holds a Masters degree in Economics from New York University and a Bachelors degree in Computer Engineering from Tufts University.

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