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Combatting Illicit Trade

Consumer Motivations and Stakeholder Strategies

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Combatting Illicit Trade: Consumer Motivations and Stakeholder Strategies

Combatting Illicit Trade is the culmination of a year’s worth of research conducted by Oxford Economics’ Thought Leadership team and an advisory panel of distinguished experts. The research spans 37 European countries, polling over 45,000 consumers, executives, policy-makers and law enforcement officers to learn what motivates consumers to engage in illicit activity and the strategies that can alter their behaviour. We also carried out in-depth interviews with 15 leading executives, academics and policy-makers to provide expert commentary on the findings. The study covers five product categories:

  • Cigarettes and tobacco
  • Alcoholic drinks
  • Films, music and video games
  • Clothing and accessories
  • Medicines and pharmaceutical products

The research presents an unprecedented amount of survey evidence, analysing the motivations and actions of those involved in illicit trade today, investigating:

  • What specific issues compel consumers to buy goods illicitly, and how those motivations differ by product category, country, and other demographic parameters
  • How policy-makers and law enforcement officers prioritise activities to thwart illicit trade, and how those activities align with consumer motivation
  • Where the gaps are between consumer motivations and the actions of businesses, policy-makers and law enforcers
  • Best practices and lessons learned from executives in combatting illicit trade

This independent study was financed by PMI IMPACT, a global grant initiative by Philip Morris International to support projects dedicated to fighting illegal trade and related crimes.

Read the full report

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