Topic: Demographics
Labour turnover is quickly rising among full-time workers in Japan, where long-term employment has been prevailing. Although a serious labour shortage and a sharp rise in labour turnover will provide a great opportunity and incentive for productivity improvement, we this this will occur only gradually.
Over the next five years, India is forecast to be the fastest growing major economy across Asia-Pacific. We expect India’s real GDP to grow on average 6.7% per year between 2024 and 2028. In general, we expect the Southern states to lead GDP growth rankings, while the Central, Eastern, and Northeastern states are anticipated to lag.
We estimate that Japan’s nominal neutral interest rate – the rate consistent with monetary policy that is neither stimulative nor restrictive – has risen somewhat since 2022, marking a striking reversal from its decades-long slide. More importantly, we project it to continue rising gradually, to around 1% by 2030 from 0% in 2023.
Although GDP growth has and will continue to cool somewhat in 2024 and 2025, considerable momentum remains in the economy driven by steady consumer spending and robust job growth. We forecast that the range of growth rates across metros will narrow over the next two years as net migration rates normalize to pre-Covid-19 levels.
Consumer spending growth is set to remain robust across the US. With real incomes continuing to rise, spending growth is forecast to average 2.4% this year, which represents a growth premium from the 2023 outturn of 2.2%. Nationally, the labor market remains strong, while strong household balance sheets have helped keep the saving rate low. Real incomes will continue to rise as inflation eases back.