Sanele Mjikane
By 2035, we expect France’s public debt to approach 125% of GDP, up from 113% in 2024 and among the highest in advanced economies. Given the current political impasse, meaningful fiscal consolidation is unlikely before the 2027 presidential election. Even after that, we expect it to be gradual, keeping debt on an upward path and France’s vulnerability to shocks elevated.
This report assesses the socioeconomic contributions Shell made in the United Kingdom in 2022. It quantifies Shell’s impact on the UK economy and society, including its £11.8 billion contribution to GDP, support for 78,000 jobs, £5.4 billion in tax payments, and investments in skills, training, and community programmes across the country.
European cities have faced a turbulent decade and a half as the continent has been hit with a series of shocks. From the Eurozone crisis to the war in Ukraine, with Covid 19 in between, the continent has suffered a sustained period of difficult economic conditions. But, despite these challenges, a number of cities have experienced fast rates of growth.
The winner of the Czech parliamentary election in October is all but certain to be the populist ANO, which has been a long way ahead in the polls for almost two years. But the shape of the new government is still uncertain – our baseline is for ANO to form a coalition with one of the centre-right parties in the current government, which will temper its fiscal profligacy.