Consulting Report
02 Nov 2025

Powering Low-Income Countries’ AI Opportunity 

Prepared for ENACT 

Unlocking the $75 Trillion AI opportunity for Low-Income Countries through access to AI, Energy, and Finance.

Low-income countries (LICs) could realise up to $75 trillion in annual economic gains by closing key gaps in energy access and capital markets, substantially narrowing the global divide in living standards. 

The analysis emphasises that diffusing  technology is the key to unlocking growth.  Artificial Intelligence may be a transformative economic force but LICs can only fully benefit by advancing access to reliable, affordable energy and deepening financial inclusion.  

The report estimates that improving energy access could contribute $53 trillion, while expanded access to capital could add a further $22 trillion annually to the global economy.  

Key Findings: 

  • Doubling down on energy and capital access could close 43% of the current living standards gap between LICs and high-income countries, benefitting nearly 3.7 billion people. 
  • Case studies in Brazil, India, Morocco, and South Africa show that strategic investments in AI-powered finance platforms and renewable energy can trigger broader economic transformation. 
  • Only 26% of jobs in LICs are highly exposed to AI, compared with 60% in high-income countries—signaling both a challenge and an opportunity for future-proof development. 

About Oxford Economics 

Oxford Economics is the world’s foremost independent economic advisory firm. Covering over 200 countries, 100 industrial sectors and 8,000 cities and regions, we provide insights and solutions that empower clients to make informed decisions faster in an increasingly complex and uncertain world.

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Oxford Economics specialises in forecasting, economic impact analysis, and evidence-based thought leadership. Our economists and analysts draw from a rich database of figures and analysis on 200 countries, 100 sectors, and 7,000 cities and regions.
The experts behind the research
  • Innes McFee

    Innes McFee

    Chief Global Economist | Managing Director, Macro, Cities and Industry
    Innes McFee

    Chief Global Economist | Managing Director, Macro, Cities and Industry

    Innes McFee is the Chief Global Economist of Oxford Economics, based in London. Innes oversees the Macro, Cities & Industry teams globally, as well as the subscriptions Business Development team. He sits on the Board of Alpine Macro.  Innes joined Oxford Economics in 2017 after 6 years at Lloyds Banking Group as a Senior Economist, working in Macroeconomic Consulting and the Macro & Investor Services teams. He has been a regular writer and presenter for the Global Macro Service and Real Estate Economics Service.

    Prior to joining Lloyds Innes was an Economic Advisor at HM Treasury. Innes has a first-class undergraduate degree in Economics from the University of Durham and an MSc in Economics from Warwick University.

  • Gabriel Sterne

    Gabriel Sterne

    Head of Emerging Markets
    Gabriel Sterne

    Head of Emerging Markets

    Gabriel delivers macro-economic products tailored for corporates and financial markets, as head of a team that integrates EM macro and strategy views.  In recent years he has published wide-ranging research including on stagflation risks, monetary policy credibility, global savings, demographics, Covid scarring, risks and resilience in emerging markets, and sovereign crisis resolution. He joined from investment banking boutique Exotix in May 2014, following 20 years of public sector experience, including at the Bank of England and International Monetary Fund.

  • Tomas Dvorak

    Tomas Dvorak

    Senior Economist
    Tomas Dvorak

    Senior Economist

    Tomas is a Senior Economist in the Macro and Investor Services' eurozone team. He oversees the coverage of Central and Eastern Europe in addition to producing thematic research on the eurozone and developing modern, data-driven approaches to economic forecasting, including the use of alternative and high-frequency data.

    Tomas holds an MA in economics from the University of Glasgow and an MSc in economics from the University College London. He previously worked as a data scientist at KPMG and as an advisor in the European Parliament.

  • Debra D’Agostino

    Debra D’Agostino

    Managing Director, Thought Leadership; Co-Managing Director, Oxford Economics USA
    Debra D’Agostino

    Managing Director, Thought Leadership; Co-Managing Director, Oxford Economics USA

    Debra D'Agostino founded Oxford Economics’ Thought Leadership division in 2011 and serves as its managing director. She oversees a global team of editors, researchers and analysts who conduct ground-breaking research programs in partnership with the world’s most forward-looking organizations, on topics ranging from business transformation, emerging technology, diversity and inclusion, talent and leadership to risk management and corporate finance. Debra also leads Oxford Economics’ global consulting business development team, serves as co-managing director for the firm’s operations in the Americas, and is a member of Oxford Economics’ global Senior Management Team.

    Debra joined the firm from the Economist Intelligence Unit, the research arm of the Economist Group, where she led the company's business research department for the Americas. Prior to the EIU, she served as an editor and writer at CIO Insight, the award-winning business and technology strategy journal she helped launch at Ziff Davis Media in 2001. She holds a bachelor of science in journalism from the Newhouse School of Public Communications at Syracuse University.

  • Zack Friedman

    Zack Friedman

    Associate Director, Thought Leadership
    Zack Friedman

    Associate Director, Thought Leadership

    Zack works with clients across multiple sectors for our Thought Leadership group.

    Zack has served as co-founder and CEO of Mentor, a leading fintech company focused on personal finance. He has invested in companies in the financial services, real estate, technology, healthcare and consumer sectors. Prior to Mentor, Zack worked at Blackstone and Morgan Stanley. He has served as a Senior Contributor at Forbes. Zack holds degrees from Harvard, Wharton, Columbia and Johns Hopkins.

  • Bianca Fisher

    Bianca Fisher

    Research Manager, Thought Leadership
    Bianca Fisher

    Research Manager, Thought Leadership

    Bianca works with the technology team to coordinate various projects. She has a rich background in development economics and research. Over the last few years, she has worked as an intern and short-term temporary consultant at the World Bank, as a lecturer at the University of Johannesburg, as a research assistant to several academics and Economists, and co-founded the Economic Development and Well-being Research Group (EDWRG).

    Bianca holds a Masters in Development Economics, Honours in Economics and Undergrad in Human Resources Management from the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. She graduated Cum Laude and top of the class for all her degrees.

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